Electrical Resistance of Different Liquids | Experiment

Electrical Resistance of Different Liquids | Experiment After the development of power by Michael faraday numerous researchers examined the methods of directing power. It was in eighteenth century researchers contemplated utilizing fluid as a mode of directing power. In 1808 Sir Humphrey Davy led power utilizing potassium arrangements in alkali. The trials were to show the electrical conductivity of fluids, yet the explanation behind this was not clarified in his analyses. In 1879 F.Kahlrausch suggested that particles are answerable for the conductivity of fluids. Particles are the structure squares of every atom characterized by its electron number. Particles which shaped by the disintegration of minerals and different polluting influences convey current over the fluid and this is legitimately relative to the ionic speeds. These discoveries were experimentally demonstrated by M.M.Wrobleewisky and Olszweski in 1883 by liquefaction of nitrogen and different minerals from an answer under a tension of 50 climates indicating the nearness of particles in solute. The trials led by WG Scaife in 1973 on the normal conductivity of fluids indicated that at higher weights of 2500 bars or more the electrical conductivity of polar arrangements diminishes quickly. Despite the fact that there is a lessening at low weights which are not for all intents and purposes quantifiable. Polar mixes like castor oil, sebacate and so forth were utilized for these trials and were found that the twofold layer shaped at the tip of terminals was the explanation for the lessening idea of electrical conductivity. While probes ionic arrangements like Diethyl ether, carbon disulphide, benzene and so on demonstrated an expanding pattern of electrical conductivity with pressure. This was because of the triple particles shaped during the examination. [1] In the trials led by Alexander, Stoppa, Johannes Hunger, and Richard Buchner in 2009, it was discovered that the electrical conductivity of ionic arrangements is higher than a blend of ionic and polar blend arrangements. The examination utilized potassium chloride (ionic) and non solvent oil base (polar) and the analyses were led under steady temperature and weight conditions. The trial demonstrated a lessening in resistivity of almost 1 ohm with an expansion 5 wt % ionic compound. This test demonstrated that the electrical conductivity relies upon the charge thickness (number of particles) and the protection from the development of particles known as consistency of a fluid [Stokes-Einstein, 1906]. The investigation thought about the conductivities by expanding the level of ionic atoms in the arrangement. [2] Investigations were led by Aresatz Usobiaga, Alberto De Diego, and Juan Manuel Madariaga 1n 1999 to relate temperature with the electrical conductivity in arrangements. HCL Solution (ionic arrangement) was utilized for the examinations. Under various temperatures near the room temperature (292-315K) the arrangement displayed a converse proportionality connection to the conductivity. This corresponded to the discoveries of An I Zhakin in 1995 were KCL which is less ionic contrasted with HCL was utilized. The trial with HCL called attention to that at close to room temperatures resistivity was expanded by 5-10% with each expansion of 5K. The purpose behind this conduct was the expansion of gooey properties of the arrangement and thickness diminishes electrical conductivity. [3] In 2006 J. Vilaa, P. Ginã ©sa, E. Riloa, O. Cabezaa and L.M. Varelab led investigates the electrical conductivities of arrangements of aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, aluminum sulfate and aluminum chromide. These mixes are ionic in nature. The trials were completed under consistent temperature and weight conditions. Tests led by expanding the thickness of arrangements demonstrated an expanding pattern of electrical conductivity by 10 % on each expansion of thickness. Thickness was expanded by including 5 wt % aluminum salt into the arrangement. These expanding patterns went until the arrangement is half soaked. The purpose behind the ascent in conductivity was disclosed to be the expansion in particle fixation. The more the ionic mixes present the more the conductivity would be. The outcomes likewise indicated that aluminum chloride which is more ionic than different examples will direct greater power at any focus. In any case, for polar aggravates the expansion in thickness br ought about a diminishing of conductivity. [4] J. Vilaa, P. Ginã ©sa, J.M. Picoa, C. Franjoa, E. Jimã ©neza, L.M. Varelab and O. Cabeza in 2005 led investigates aluminum chloride and aluminum bromide for the double connection on electrical conductivity with differing temperature and thickness. The investigation utilized 30% and 60 % concentrated arrangements over a temperature scope of 250-430K. The electrical conductivity increments with temperature, up to multiple times for aluminum chloride and multiple times in aluminum bromide arrangements. In any case, the conductivity diminishes conflictingly with the expansion in fixation. The likely explanation behind this disputable outcome could be the adjustment in the properties of mixes with temperature. This indicated temperature affected conductivity than thickness. [5] Strategies AND MATERIALS Outline of the test So as to differentiate the electrical obstruction of various fluids to uncover their ionic or covalent qualities, the accompanying apportions were conveyed. Portrayal of the procedural advances Right off the bat the electrical opposition estimation was set up. At that point hundred and fifty milliliters of wanted fluid was estimated and poured in to a spotless measuring glass. After the force gracefully was turned on, utilizing the multimeter, circuits current was estimated. At that point at five minutes stretch perusing was followed again for multiple times. After this the normal of three chronicles was resolved. When the current was figured obstruction of fluid was discovered utilizing Ohms law. Next the means were rehashed for every chosen fluid. Along these lines all the chose fluids were cooled to 18 °C. At last the above advances were followed for the refrigerated fluids. Materials Review of system The materials utilized for the analysis are recorded beneath. Computerized Multimeter DC Power flexibly, 250 ml glass measuring glass Test arrangement of 150 ml Orange juice, 0.01% salt arrangement, 1% salt arrangement, 2% milk, and mineral water. Table salt Depiction of chief parts Computerized multimeter Multimeter is an electronic instrument which can be utilized for the estimation of voltage, current and opposition. There are two sorts of multimeters accessible. Multimeter which accompanies computerized show is usually known as DMM (Digital Multimeter).Main parts of an advanced multimeter are estimating tests, changing handle and advanced showcase. Initially the tests are utilized to get association between focuses where we have to gauge electrical property. One multimeter got two tests for accomplishing the association between two chose focuses. Besides the altering handle is utilized to choose which property need to gauge. It is likewise used to choose the scope of estimations of the outcomes. The advanced showcase causes the client to get exact readings. It likewise gives data about various settings utilized for estimation. The multimeter can be turned on by turning the modifying handle to wanted property to quantify. The presentation will give us the significant data. To test the DMM, turn the handle to opposition estimating mode and afterward contact each finish of a copper wire to test tips. At that point the showcase will show opposition which ought to be very nearly zero. Results and Discussion The protections of various fluid arrangements arranged for the exploration were determined utilizing the Ohms law condition at room temperature. Perceptions show the normal opposition of various fluid ran from 26.1 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦ to 1728 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦. Among the fluids, squeezed orange was best conductor (26.1 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦) and refined water (1728 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦) was the most exceedingly terrible. The two salt arrangements demonstrated nearly similar protections despite the fact that higher concentrated gave us a somewhat lower obstruction. Squeezed orange The figure 8 outline shows that squeezed orange is the best conduit of power. The opposition for squeezed orange was discovered to be the least during the investigation. We had a presumption that acids are the best conductors since they are ionic in nature. Acids separate into particles when blended in with water and particles are charge transporters. The electrical obstruction processed was 26.1 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦ at room temperature. We had likewise made another supposition that when refrigerated; the conductivity will increment as the particles move more slow identified with typical room temperature fluid. After refrigeration, the obstruction expanded somewhat to an estimation of 26.4 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦. Despite the fact that there was just a little lessening in the opposition esteem from that of the room temperature, our presumption with respect to the refrigerated fluids worked out as expected. As studies and analysis done by Aresatz Usobiaga, Alberto De Diego, and Juan Manu el Madariaga in 1999 to relate temperature with the electrical conductivity in arrangements [3] underpins our outcomes in this area. Salt arrangement The second best conductor is the salt arrangement. For the salt arrangement, the trials were completed with a convergence of 0.01% and 0.1% salt. The salt precious stones in strong state wont direct power since anions (chloride particles) and cations (sodium particles) are held together. Be that as it may, in a salt arrangement they are allowed to move around and therefore direct power. The principle explanation for directing this examination investigate distinctive centralization of salt is to contemplate whether it is the thickness or temperature of the arrangement that influences the electrical conductivity more. We conjectured that the thickness of arrangement would diminish the electrical conductivity. The 0.01% and 0.1% concentrated salt arrangement showed nearly a similar obstruction estimation of 35.6 kilo à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢ ¦. In any case, the higher concentrated

Political Realism Essay Example for Free

Political Realism Essay As indicated by pragmatists, the direct of worldwide pioneers contrasts almost no from the direct of a pioneer of a criminal association. Realists’ hidden suspicion, I. e. that the worldwide framework is in the state of unending political agitation, is near how wrongdoing managers see the endless rivalry between various packs, tribes or â€Å"crime families†, similar to the one Tony Soprano heads. Much the same as in relations between contending teams or among hoodlums and the legislature, no advancement towards enduring harmony is conceivable in universal relations. Global relations are by definition conflictual, in contrast to local issues of a state, since there is no incomparable authority over sovereign subject which would have imposing business model on power like the one a state has on its domain. Clashes in universal relations, as indicated by pragmatists, are constantly settled by the utilization of power. Here the similarity of Tony Soprano is especially material, since he has slaughtered at any rate eight individuals. So also, power in universal relations, as per pragmatists, is related with military prevalence and capacity over destruction foes. Wrongdoing families seek after their own advantages utilizing assets they order, however they are very much aware of assets and capacities of their rivals. A similar path states in universal relations make computations of their capacity and interests versus force and interests of their opponents. Consequently, knowledge data (everything that can be utilized against contenders) is similarly significant in universal relations and crime. Harmony and dependability is just conceivable when a strong level of influence exists that reflects genuine remaining of incredible powers on the universal field. The equivalent occurs in the criminal world. In spite of the fact that packs and wrongdoing families have no ethical commitments towards one another, they can in some cases coordinate against a shared adversary (states on their part structure global unions). Perceived leverage among criminal associations is of a fundamental significance for harmony and calm in a city or neighborhood. As Sullivan (2000) advises, criminal gatherings support â€Å"spatial or monetary ranges of prominence †‘turf’ or ‘markets’† (p. 86). The states demonstration a similar way when they see certain districts of the world as their effective reaches. For the U. S. , the Middle East is an area of vital significance, as its suffering military nearness there plainly demonstrates. So also, Russia â€Å"is regarding the previous Soviet republics as a priority†¦in an exertion both to acquire rewarding resources and to improve its political influence† (Trenin 2006, p. 91). Pragmatists likewise accept that there is a distinction among private and political profound quality: for people in general and private circles, there ought to be various codes of moral direct, and a few activities inacceptable in private ethical quality terms can be imperative in legislative issues. This contention can be maybe stretched out further to express that distinctive moral codes are applied to residential issues and worldwide relations: a few activities that would be considered inacceptable by local publics are done in or against remote states, once in a while with the endorsement of the populace at home. Here, a fascinating model is the inclusion of Henry Kissinger in the removing of Allende’s just system in Chile. While it would be a conceivable to accept Kissinger accepted that majority rules system served the interests of American individuals (since he hasn’t made endeavors to sabotage the open request), he has been accounted for to remark on the Chilean appointment of communist Alllende in the accompanying manner: â€Å"The issues are excessively significant for the Chilean voters to be left to choose for themselves† (refered to in Zarembka 2006, p. ix). He has in certainty denied that Chileans reserved a privilege to choose their own pioneers, while Americans could show different nations good and bad. In regular daily existence, this would be alluded to as false reverence; be that as it may, as per political pragmatists, this is the way governmental issues is made on the everyday schedule. Along these lines, numerous wrongdoing supervisors are acceptable at keeping up two unmistakable arrangements of qualities, one to be applied to intra-authoritative issues and another for the remainder of the world. Inside their â€Å"crime family†, hoodlums display such characteristics as unwaveringness, genuineness, and respectability. Every criminal association have a set of accepted rules that is carefully authorized, albeit such codes have little to do with profound quality and morals in the traditional sense. That is the reason to the outside world, they show up as pitiless, self-intrigued brutes. Likewise, political pioneers need to keep up two arrangements of qualities: in their exclusive issues, they must be a case of honesty and nobility, as the outrage with Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky appears. Additionally, they must regard their electorates and even political opponents. Notwithstanding, in global relations, they are required to safeguard indispensable interests of their nation earnestly and solidness. The Road to War This area will investigate weird and bizarre conditions and occasions that lead to wars. The degree to which kinds of government and local publics affect war inclination of states will be talked about. At a first look, the ongoing U. S. assault of Iraq is a case of a war between a vote based system and undemocratic nation, so it isn't especially pertinent for testing the just harmony hypothesis. Truth be told, the official purpose behind going to Iraq, as Scowcroft (2002) reports, was system change: Saddam Hussein mistreated his own kin and represented a danger to global security. It was actually the undemocratic idea of Iraq that made it an unmistakable danger to the U. S. ; it was considered that its democratization would consequently accommodate harmony. Saddam was depicted as a pioneer that was difficult to stop by conciliatory methods, sanctions, or the danger of power, in this way the intrusion was esteemed the main feasible alternative for keeping Iraq from obtaining and sending WMD (Mearsheimer Walt 2003). Be that as it may, even before the genuine sending, there were powers in the international strategy foundation requiring an increasingly cautious adjusting of different U. S. interests at home and abroad. The war on Iraq, as Scowcroft (2002) at that point contended, would redirect U. S. assets from other significant interests, for example, the war on fear or goals of Israeli-Palestinian clash. As the troubles in Iraq have intensely brought home, authenticity for the U. S. these days doesn't mean the utilization of power but instead abstaining from it. The Bush regulation inferred doing battle and dropping out with partners for assisting American beliefs (Rose 2005), on the previously mentioned suspicion that democratization is a fundamental essential for harmony. This neoconservative line is some of the time alluded to as â€Å"democratic transformationalism†, which is basically liberal interventionism (Goldberg 2005). In his subsequent term, nonetheless, Bush has been progressively increasingly slanted towards authenticity and paying special mind to real American interests. Keeping that in mind, he patched relations with Europe and came back to haggling with maverick states (Rose 2005). This is in accordance with the need to adjust one’s force and interests against those of other incredible forces. Such an adjustment in direction by and by proposes that adjustments in initiative have a huge bearing on the war-inclination of a popularity based express, an end Elman (1997) has reached in the wake of examining the 1982 war among Israel and Lebanon. While no difference in initiative has occurred in the U. S. , a change in President’s direction and some reshuffle in the international strategy foundation were liable for the move. While individuals like Henry Kissinger are criticized as irreverent wolves in sheep's clothing, moralism in international strategy has never prompted anything useful for the U. S. : Harry Truman was answerable for the Korean War, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson have started the Vietnam War, and Bill Clinton has directed the Balkan struggle and a disintegration of relations with China. Be that as it may, right-or left-wing moralists have quite often been prevailing by pragmatists and international strategy practical people who assisted with clearing the chaos (Rose 2005). This mirrors the conversation by Postel (2004) of how majority rule government spreading desire of George W. Shrubbery stress American pragmatists (along with libertarians and conventionalists). Realism’s primary supposition that is the power of state sway, in this way an obstruction into the undertakings of another state is possibly defended if an existential danger exists to one’s own nation. Before that point is reached, â€Å"the interior association of another nation is [not] any of our business† (Goldberg 2005, para. 25). An unquestionably progressively significant motivation to stress over the spread of â€Å"democratic transformationalism† is its human and monetary expense. As Johnson (2000) plainly appears, the U. S. is an overextended realm attempting to support its military duties abroad, and â€Å"the individuals of the United States are neither battle ready enough nor sufficiently rich to participate in the never-ending police activities, wars, and bailouts their government’s domineering approaches will require† (p. 221). This contention recommends that populaces at home at last have some state over international strategy or if nothing else over the monetary bunks of abroad military activities. This point will be investigated in more noteworthy detail further in this segment. The supporters of â€Å"democratic transformationalism† believe that the danger presented by Saddam when the new century rolled over was the characteristic result of the constrained idea of the U. S. intercession during the main Gulf War. At that point the U. S. , as per the U. N. command, concentrated on expulsion of Iraq from Kuwait and not the expulsion of Saddam from Iraq. Neoconservatives ca

How to Write a Review

How to Write a Review There are numerous places where youre only expected to leave a brief comment when you write a review. For example, an Amazon review consists of allocating a star rating and writing anything from a couple of words: Great product! to a couple of paragraphs to explain just why you think the product or vendor is or isnt great. You can say whatever you like. Nobodys going to expect a structured review article. They just want to know if you think the product is any good or not, and your opinion allows them to compare reviews with those  of others. If, however, you want to write a more serious review on a book, movie or product, youll be writing a full article, and that means you need to apply some sort of structure. There are no hard and fast rules, and you may be limited to some degree as many times reviews will have word count limits, but this is how I like to approach a review article. Introduce the Thing You Are Reviewing Your reader wants to know exactly what you are reviewing. If its a book or a movie, theyd like to know whether previous efforts by the same author or movie maker were well-received. If its a product, theyll want to know what the product is, who made it, and perhaps some historical background on the manufacturers or their products. Remember, you know what youre reviewing because youve seen it, heard it, tasted it, touched it, used it, or otherwise consumed it in whatever form its intended to be consumed. Your reader doesnt. Provide readers with the information they need about the item youre reviewing in your very first paragraph. In some cases, particularly when youre reviewing a product, telling your reader why you felt the need to buy it can also help. Give your why before or after your what. Now your reader will know what you are talking about and what need the item fulfills. What Did You Like and Dislike About the Product? Although there are some things youll review that dont have a single good thing about them, thats pretty rare. For example, a book I recently read was based on a puerile premise and was packed with plot cliches, but the style in which it was written was actually rather good. For the sake of getting to the point, I usually begin with whatever made the biggest impression. In my example, Id kick off with the things that annoyed me about the book. Giving reasons for your opinion helps your reader to decide whether the things you did or didnt like would be the kind of things they identify with. For example: With its focus on cliched, pulp fiction plotlines that are so full of holes you could use them as a colander, xxx book turned out to be an annoying read. I felt the reader wasnt being credited with intelligence and the author wasnt really trying. But it wouldnt be fair to only give my opinion on the things I didnt like, so I might follow that up with: The authors writing style is nevertheless beautiful the only reason why I persevered with the story all the way through to its unsurprising ending. What Could Make It More Acceptable to You? Even when youre reviewing something you really like, theres usually room for some kind of improvement. At the risk of annoying its many fans, I could say that the book War and Peace is a trifle too long, for example. After all, a review is an expression of opinions, and you or I can have any opinions we like as long as we can back them up with information. Using my silly book (not War and Peace) as an example, I would probably say: If the same author could come up with a more original and less sentimental plotline instead of rehashing a formula, Id be very interested in seeing the result. Sum It All Up Lazy readers, which is to say most people, will read your opening paragraph and then skim down to your concluding paragraph to see if you actually did arrive at a conclusion. This paragraph briefly sums up the main points youve highlighted and may end with a call to action such as Boycott this hotel! or Try it for yourself, I think youll love it as much as I did. More Serious Reviews Most reviews follow the structure weve discussed above. If youre being asked for a subjective opinion, you can back it up by describing how you arrived at it, but sometimes you have to write a literature review. This means you have to track down all the published literature you can find on a certain topic and piece it together with references so that you can draw a coherent conclusion that is supported by the accepted academic works youve discovered. Its much harder to do, and its nevertheless not as daunting as you might think, but thats a topic for a future article.

United States And The Soviet Union - 1750 Words

Following World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union sprung into what is now called the Cold War, and subsequently the Space Race. This was a time period where our country’s debt more than quadrupled, there was a constant fear of Nuclear War, and relations with another world superpower and former ally were rendered nearly irreparable. National Security and pride faltered initially, but from what seemed like it could have been the end of the capitalist world as we knew it, something incredible happened: we made it to the moon. After countless losses in many different categories of the Space Race to the USSR, the United States shifted its focus to the more long term goal of landing the first manned spacecraft on the moon.†¦show more content†¦In 1947, after Harry Truman took over as President, was when tensions between the USSR and the United States finally sprung into what is now known as the Cold War. The spread of communism throughout Eastern Europe, China and Korea made Americans feel threatened by their increasing power and influence. Even after the war the United States continued operation in military bases which had the initial intent to protect against further Nazi advancement into Western Europe. Post-World War II these bases seemed to serve the purpose of maintaining a presence where their greatest perceived threat continued to grow. On the opposite side of the Cold War conflict, Josef Stalin and the Soviets grew ever more wary of the United States, who still were the country with Nuclear weapon capabilities at the time. So when Stalin called for the manufacturing of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (Gatland, Kenneth. Manned Spacecraft, Second Revision. 1976. Pg 100) a viscous cycle ensued. For every technological advancement either the United States or USSR made from 1947 until the end of the 1960’s, the other would try to match or beat it with the justification that it was in the best interests of national security. The United States had its first successful ICBM in 1957 (Hall, Rex; David J. Shayler. The Rocket Men: Vostok Voskhod, The First Soviet Manned Spaceflights. Pg 56) and once the Soviet’s developed their first successful Nuclear weaponry in 1949,

History of Drug Laws and Law Enforcement - 1637 Words

Drug Laws and Drug Law Enforcement Since the late 19th century, the federal and states governments of the United States have enacted laws and policies to deter the use and distribution of illegal drugs. These laws and policies have not only deemed what drugs are legal and illegal, but have also established penalties for the possession and distribution of these substances and established federal agencies to control drug use and administer drug law enforcement. This essay will not only examine the landmark drug laws and policies established by the federal and state governments, but also the enforcement of drug laws. Brief History of the United States Drug Laws The first American law that prohibited the use of a specific drug was†¦show more content†¦The young girls story is typical. She had heard the whisper which has gone the rounds of American youth about a new thrill, a cigarette with a real kick which gave wonderful reactions and no harmful aftereffects. With some friends she experimented at an evening smoking party. The results were weird. Some of the party went into paroxysms of laughter; others of mediocre musical ability became almost expert; the piano dinned constantly. Still others found themselves discussing weighty problems with remarkable clarity. The girl danced without fatigue throughout a night of inexplicable exhilaration. Other parties followed, finally there came a gathering at a time when the girl was behind in her studies and greatly worried. Suddenly, as she was smoking, the thought of a solution to her school problems came. Without hesitancy she walked to a window and leaped to her death. Thus madly can mari juana solve ones difficulties (The History of)? This passage shows the moral panic that once again swept the nation. The result this time was the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. The act made growers, sellers, and buyers of marijuana subject to tax. In conjunction with this federal law, state governments made the possession of marijuana illegal (Prohibition (drugs)). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the federal government began to increasingly tighten drug laws. In 1972, President Richard Nixon formally declared a War on Drugs, which continuesShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The War On Drugs1356 Words   |  6 PagesWar on Drugs February 28, 2017 The War on Drugs can be a very controversial topic to different people around the world. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, and I fully respect that. Some people say that the War on Drugs is a waste of time and money while others are very concerned about the different drugs that are coming into the United States. It still amazes me that people are continuing to take/do drugs when they see and hear about how many people have overdosed because the drugs are lacedRead MorePaper984 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Law Enforcement Marquell Garrett CJA/204 March 22, 2012 David Klein History of Law Enforcement When discussing the history of law enforcement, it is best we start with the invasion of England in 1066 by the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror. William bought with him some ideas of policing, where security was considered far more important than freedom. William divided England into five areas, with five separate militaries. An officer was placed in eachRead MoreLaw Enforcement : A Police Officer1596 Words   |  7 PagesLaw Enforcement Ask anyone who is interested in a career in law enforcement why they choose that career, and they will say it is to help their community and make a difference in the world. In an average day an officer patrols his given area to keep the safety of the people. For instance the the presence of a police officer in the neighborhood keeps away the criminals who break into homes while people are at work or asleep. It is hard for people to imagine what a world without law enforcementRead MoreRacial Profiling And Violates Human Rights Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesIs Racial Profiling Justiciable Under Certain Circumstances? Racial profiling has been a longstanding argument in law enforcement practices for a number of years in American society. Often it divides and alienates communities from law enforcements while hindering police efforts to control crimes and protect civilians. Many civil right groups argue that racial profiling is ineffective and violates human rights. However after September 11th, it appears that the practice has become much more prominentRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration On The Age Colorblindness Written By Legal Scholar1197 Words   |  5 Pagesimprovised communities in the United States. According to Alexander, The New Jim Crow laws were created to hinder the growth of black or brown men by using the criminal justice system to enslave them into a vicious cycle of oppression. The Jim Crow laws that relished our nation’s history so many years earlier has resurfaced and consequently lodged many minority men into second class citizenship and allow law enforcement officers to saturate black communities and discriminate against citizens that fitRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violence, e.g.Read MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 Pagesracial differences, which acts as a justification for non-equal treatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discr imination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American community has the highest number of incarceration rates result within the criminal justice system. According to many evidence and statisticsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Just Mercy By Bryan Stevenson972 Words   |  4 PagesLaw enforcement and minorities have long been the focus of the criminal justice injustice within the United States. African Americans, Arab Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic and Latino Americans are a number of communities in the United States along with Caucasian or non-minorities as a whole, which make up a large portion of the United States. Racial discrimination has been a large factor the criminal justice system has been plagued with for many years. In the book Just MercyRead MoreMarijuana’S Legalization Could Earn Billions Of Dollars1291 Words   |  6 Pagesof drugs is not safe, whether it is the back alley dea ls, or the people killed in drug heists. Since 2006 more than seventy thousand people have been estimated to have died in the drug war. This all comes from the lack of supervision in handling of drugs with their distribution, and use. Problems most people illegal drug users face are the quality of the drugs they purchase. Often people lace drugs with other ingredients to either improve or alter their effects. Sometimes suppliers lace drugs withRead MoreEssay on The Drug Enforcement Administration 1712 Words   |  7 PagesOrigin of the Agency The Drug Enforcement Administration has a long history that marks its significance and succession. Much had been going on during the late nineteen-sixties and early seventies that shaped the years between such as: the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., the Hippie movement, the closing days of the Vietnam War, the disbandment of the Beatles, Woodstock, the first man on the moon, and the beginning of the Watergate scandal (to name a few). President Richard Nixon took office

The Sistine Madonna in the Royal Gallery at Dresden,...

The Sistine Madonna in the Royal Gallery at Dresden, Saxony The most beautiful picture in the world is the Sistine Madonna in the Royal Gallery at Dresden, Saxony. It was painted by Raphael as an altar-piece for a church in Piacenza, Italy. In a far corner of the great Palace of Art it is now placed, probably to remain until the colors shall fade. It is the only picture in the room. The figures are of life size. When that room is entered all voices are hushed, and all merriment silenced. The place is as holy as a church. In the centre of the canvas is the Virgin Mother with a young, almost girlish face or surpassing loveliness. In her eyes affection and wonder are blended, and the features and the figure are the most†¦show more content†¦At the bottom of the canvas are the two cherub faces which for centuries have been ideals of innocence and loveliness. The background is of fleecy clouds, and peering out of the clouds are angel faces. It has been said that Raphael never painted anything exactly as it was, but always idealized whatever he touched. If he found those faces anywhere among the throngs in Italian streets, he lifted them out of their surroundings and glorified them, so that all nations recognize in that matchless Madonna their ideal of the Mother of our Lord, and in that child their ideal of the Divine Child. The vision of angels breaking the barriers of physical limitations, and entering human spheres, is a suggestion that the spiritual and physical are never far apart, and that perhaps if we had clearer vision, angel faces might be often seen, and if we had more acute hearing, angel songs might be often heard. This greatest of all paintings conveys immortal lessons in a pictorial and impressive form. The central figure at the Advent and in the childhood of Christ was His mother. In the painting, too, the mother is not less prominent than her Child. The Roman Church has carried its adoration of the Virgin too far, but Protestants have treated her with positive neglect. Raphael has made her the most beautiful woman ever dreamed of by art. Perhaps he was right. Who knows ? The Sistine Madonna, which hung for centuries on the wall behind the high altar of San Sisto

Face Off Rice vs Muscle Essay Example For Students

Face Off: Rice vs Muscle Essay It is a warm summers day; the heat rises from the pavement as the roar of engines and smell of gasoline surround you. With a throaty growl the first car pulls up to the line on the drag strip in front of you. Its large V-8 pounds as it pulls up to the starting mark. An annoying whine announces the challenger, a smaller car covered in decals and brand names. Its four cylinders hum as it stops, ready to go. The light flashes green and both cars jump into action. As the front wheels leap from the pavement, the eight cylinders power the 4000 pounds of Detroit muscle down the track. Beside it, the much lighter Japanese Rice-Rocket squeals down the track with a whine of a turbocharger issuing from under the hood. But from the beginning the race was over, the American muscle car once again leaving the Rice-Rocket sucking its exhaust. This is the scene at drag strips all over North America. Domestic automobiles defeat the imported cars time and time again but they just dont give up. It is not only at the drag strip where domestically built cars come out on top. In everyday life a domestic car is a much better choice for many reasons. I will spend the next little while convincing you of this point. Please stick around for the ride. If you talk to an import driver and tell him that domestics are better, at some point he is going to come out with the same old argument of Power per litre. What this means is the amount of horsepower an engine gets per litre of displacement. Because most imports have smaller engines they must get a good power per litre rating to move the car. Because domestics use larger engines they do not need this. But even some domestic cars using smaller engines get good power per litre marks. Here are just a couple domestic cars getting over 100 horsepower per litre and they have larger engines then most imports. A Pontiac Solice with a 2.2L engine gets about 240hp, which equals out to 120hp/L, a Dodge Spirit R/T also with a 2. 2L motor gets around 224hp, which is 102hp/L. And if this is not enough, there is a very common engine used by enthusiasts all over North America that gets 169hp/L. That means if a 1.8L Honda engine were this efficient it would make over 300hp. Why is this engine not used in cars today? Well because it is a model airplane engine that is only 0.0065L. If you were to buy 195 of these engines and put them in your Acura then you can brag to me about your Power per litre but not a moment sooner. Not only do domestics beat imports in the area of power per litre but they beat them all the way to the bank as well. While imports may be cheaper to buy right away, in the end they will cost you more. I am talking about oil changes, brakes, and any other repairs that will need to be done during your cars life. For the sake of comparison I have chosen two similar cars, one domestically made and one imported. I chose the Ford Focus ZX3 for the domestic. It is a compact two-door hatchback. I decided on the Honda Civic for the imported car. It is also a compact two-door hatchback. I then did some research on cost of retail parts. While for a couple parts the Honda was cheaper, for most, the Ford was the cheaper choice. Here are just a few of the parts I researched. .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 , .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .postImageUrl , .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 , .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:hover , .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:visited , .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:active { border:0!important; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:active , .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575 .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u877aa7dd08ac944f0c67abf3f766f575:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus Essay For a left tie rod on the Focus it was a mere $47.33 while the Honda would hit you for $62.40. A taillight would cost you $166.96 if you bought a Civic but it is only $145.71 on the Ford. And for my last part I chose a big one. For a hood on the Ford Focus it is $472.50, which is quite a bit of money, but on the Honda Civic it was $522.43. These are just a couple of common parts that you may need during your cars life and .

Romantic Flash Cards Flashcard

Romantic Flash Cards

Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essays

Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essays Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essay Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essay Pakistan came into being in 14th August, 1947 after a long struggle of the Muslims of the subcontinent under the platform of All India Muslim League. Since her birth Pakistan has been ruled by various leaders both civilian and military and has experienced different governing systems. This paper will discuss the 59 year developments of the country and the leaders who took part in these developments and the leaders who reacted to these developments. The paper will also identify the two most effective leaders of Pakistan.Early Post-Independence Period:The early post-independence period of Pakistan is marked by political instability and loss of leadership. The founder of the Nation and the first governor general Mohammad Ali Jinnah died a year later in September, 1948, but his firm standing for making Urdu the sole national language of the country has already sparked anger in East Pakistan. Liaqat Ali Khan his successor tried to draft a constitution but was assassinated in 1951.   Kwaj ah Nazimuddin became his successor while Gulam Muhammad became the governor-general. The Constitutional Assembly tried to balance the power by taking some executive powers from the governor-general, but the governor-general dissolved the assembly and two generals Iskander Mirza and Mohammad Ayub Khan were introduced in the prime minister’s cabinet.In 1955 Iskander Mirza replaced Ghulam Muhammad as governor-general. The new Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali finally convinced the politicians to agree on the constitutional draft which was officially sanctioned in February, 1956. The same year Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali was forced to resign when he lost majority in the assembly because of a revolt against him by his Muslim League parliamentarians. Suhrawardy then attained office as a successor of Mohammad Ali but soon President Iskander Mirza suspended the constitution and a dispute over the constitution forced Suhrawardy to resign.First Military Government:Dissatisf ied by the politicians and the working of the democracy in 1958 President Iskander Mirza announced the abolition of political parties and the abrogation of the constitution. He announced that the country is under martial law and General Mohammad Ayub Khan is the Chief Martial Law administrator. Later Ayub Khan assumed the post of prime minister while three generals were entitled for ministries in the cabinet. Among the 8 civilian members of the cabinet Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was also introduced for the first time. 20 days later the President was deposed in coup led by the Chief Martial Law administrator General Mohammad Ayub Khan and exiled to London, while Ayub Khan himself assumed the presidency. Martial Law remained sanctioned for almost two years after that Ayub Khan drafted a new constitution in 1962 and introduced basic democracy and local unit administration through out the country. The basic democrats elected him himself president. Ayub Khan did some remarkable reforms both eco nomical and social, which not only boosted the economy of the country but also helped in reshaping the future social structure of the country. Outlawing polygamy is one of these examples. Ayub Khan was the person who launched the skirmishes against India in order to take the Indian army in Kashmir under siege, which resulted in the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war. After the Ayub defeated Fatimah Jinnah in the elections but faced challenges in 1968. After an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate him he accused his former foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of manipulating the plot. He also arrested Awami Leagues leader Mujibur Rahman. Amid widespread protest and strikes he resigned in March 1969. He transferred power to General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan who immediately imposed martial law and also assumed the post of president.The Civil War:In 1970 the general elections were held and surprisingly the Awami League led by Mujibur Rahman won by absolute majority in the East Pakistan gaining majori ty in the country as well while the Bhutto’s PPP won by majority in West Pakistan. Bhutto and Yahya refused to transfer power to Mujib and he subsequently demanded absolute autonomy. Yahya Khan used military force to restore order in East Pakistan which crushed the Bengalis brutally thus giving the Indian army a justification to intervene after a short interval of fighting the Pakistani forces in the East Pakistan surrendered to them.Yahya Khan resigned after the war and Bhutto became the Prime minister of the country. He introduced the third constitution of the nation in 1973. But his autocracies led to further disturbances and after the 1977 elections wide spread protest sparked through out the country accusing him of poll rigging. He was ousted in a military coup led by General Zia ul-Haq and was executed on allegation of murdering an opposition politician. Zia ul-Haq introduced several Islamic reforms in the country. Under his premiership the country played a pivotal role in afghan soviet war. He lifted martial law in 1985 and handpicked Mohammad Khan Junejo as the prime minister. In the later 80s ethnic violence erupted in the urban areas of Sindh and Zia is accused of using the ethnic sentiment in the region to reduce the popularity of PPP in Sindh. In 1988 he dissolved the assembly and proclaimed that the new elections will be held in November.Post Zia Democratic Rulers:But Zia was killed in a plane crash and in the new elections Benazir Bhutto the daughter of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto win with majority and assumed the office. She was ousted after governing for only 20 months and in the new elections Mohammad Nawaz Sharif succeeded her. But President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed him three years later with allegations of corruption and dissolved the assembly. Benazir won back again in the elections but she was again dismissed by her own elected president and in the 1997 elections Nawaz Sharif assumed the office with two third majority. With such power he made amendments in the constitution taking the power of the president to dismiss the government as well as he also forced an army chief and Supreme Court chief justice to resign. In response to Indian nuclear tests Nawaz Sharif also detonated Pakistani nuclear bombs. His attempt to depose the Army Chief in 1999 failed and General Musharaf ousted his regime and arrested him on charges of traison. He was later sent in exile to Saudia Arabia.Musharraf’s Regime:President Musharaf later assumed the post of president after winning in the nation wide referendum. He held elections in 2002 where his favorite PMLQ won majority and formed government. Jamali was elected Prime Minister but later the finance minister Shaukat Aziz took the post. Musharaf has taken several measures to curb violence and religious extremism throughout the country. His support to U.S. led war against terror has sparked anger among many of Pakistani religious people. He is still facing violence and trouble in W aziristan region.Ayub Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto are the two most effective leaders of Pakistan as Ayub led the country’s economy to a boost while Bhutto drafted the current constitution of Pakistan and his political legacy is still one the most powerful political forces of the country.

Stock Market Project - Family Dollar Stores Inc Essay

Stock Market Project - Family Dollar Stores Inc - Essay Example Company Information The Family Dollar Stores Inc was opened in 1959 and is now operating more than 6000 stores across the country. Its one of the largest regional based chains in US engaged in the retail business across the different states in the country. The firm is basically considered as a preference by the consumers who are willing to save on their groceries and other retail items. Though not all the items are sold under $1 however, the overall prices are reasonable and considered as affordable by most of the consumers. Major products of the firm include clothing, food and other household items. Firm is a regional business with little or no presence in other countries of the world however, it has achieved tremendous growth in its domestic market by regularly opening new stores across the country. Firm is reseller and sell retail items such durable and non-durable consumer goods. Competitors’ Overview and Industry Trends Major competitors of the firm include Wal-Mart, Doll ar Generation Corporation as well as Dollar Tree Inc. Wal-Mart is quite bigger in the size with international presence in different countries of the world. However, Wal-Mart is a not a typical dollar store though it offers low priced products to its customers. Other competitors are more or less same in size of the firm and are serving different niche markets. (Hoovers, 2011) Industry trends suggest that personal income as well as the fashion trends will be the dominating factors in clothing and other retail segments. Due to the current economic crisis, the overall purchasing power of the consumers has declined thus restricting the consumers to spend lavishly. Financial Analysis The overall operating margin of the firm is over 7% with profit margin in the range of 4.5% during the current period of 2010. Sales for the period ending August 2010 showed an increase of 6.3% despite the fact that the overall economic situation of the country was not feasible due to current economic crisis. Recent figures for the quarter also suggest that the firm has been able to record a return on equity of 28.70% with total return on assets of approximately 13%. This performance suggest that the firm has been able to perform well during the period and consistently recorded better performance despite difficult economic situation prevailing in the country. Stock’s Performance Analysis Firm has a total market capitalization of more than $6 Billions with 122 millions shares outstanding. Past 52 weeks range of prices suggest that the firm has hit the high value of $55.590 whereas the lowest price during the same period was recorded at $35.31. (Bloomberg, 2011). It is also important to note that the firm has been able to withstand the poison pill by rejecting the takeover bid from Peltz Train. (Burritt, 2011) A closer analysis of the firm’s stock performance would suggest that the overall share prices of the firm’s stock fluctuated over the period of time. During the first few years from 2003, the overall prices gradually increased while facing a dip in the prices during 2006. (Yahoo Finance, 2011). It is also important to note that the share prices of the firm remained stable during the current financial crisis despite the fact that overall consumer activity was low. This may however, be attributed to the fact that firm is considered as cheap chain store offering low cost products to

How to use modern technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to use modern technology - Essay Example These young minds must therefore, be educated through events or activities on the benefits of modern technology. Consequently children equipped with knowledge on modern technology will provide a stable future for the country. Use of technology is central to the philosophy of developing a system equipped for the future and, to that end all children must have access to tools that form part of the fabric of their everyday lives. Technology is a tool, not a subject (Verma 78). Digital cameras have dramatically changed the way we take photographs. By suing cameras during the modern technology week fair children will be able to take photographs and later write projects and add pictures into them. In the process off this activity students get to know more about their community its surroundings and local people. In addition to this, they will also be gaining knowledge about modern technology as they handle the digital camera. In the event, a multicultural activity may be used to teach childr en about their community and also the use of modern technology. Multicultural education includes teaching children about their own culture and their ethnic heritage. It means exposing children to other diverse culture and helping them be comfortable with and respect all the ways in which people appear different to each other. This may be achieved by teaching the children how to relate to one another and how to play fairly. This encourages children to notice and think about fairness and challenges them to do something about the unfairness towards people they perceive in their world. Through activities like photography and use of other modern technological equipment children will get to intermingle with other people in society who come from different ethnic groups. This will help create a rapport as kids share the equipment and also put in efforts to attain set objectives of the modern technological event (Verma 78). Another activity in the modern technology fair includes the designin g of a community library. Emerging multi-ethnic populations in many communities and the increasingly urgently need for literacy and information technology skills call for a change in the design of library buildings(Verma 75).Libraries could become key communication centers, for mobile populations and their design will need to reflect the different levels and layers of entry or different temporal zones. Young people in this event get actively involved in the design of the service that would benefit hem in future. Through voicing their ideas by drawing or art or photography or in question and answer segment in the event, valuable information will be acquired of how to run a community library. Movies and short films may be aired in the event. During the event short films may be aired to be viewed by the children. Short films and movies offer the most visual and engaging learning tool for today’s children. This technology enhances the curriculum children are taught at school. On the spot, teachers can show video clips about almost any topic mainly those relating to the

Memories of Childhood Essay Example for Free

Memories of Childhood Essay Childhood is a golden period of mans life. It is the time when man is dependent but he enjoys all the comforts of the life. He has nothing to worry about. He has to do nothing to get his demand fulfill except weeping. It is a carefree time. In my childhood I was free from worries and sorrows. When every day and night brought joys for me. Parents tried to amuse me. They loved me so much that I began to think they were living only for me and it was not wrong as well. Near our house there was a pond. Father took me daily to the pond to enjoy the beautiful sight of the setting sun. Once my father fell ill and could not go to the pond. I was very fond of taking bath in the bright water of the pond but father did not allow me to fulfill my desire. Now it was a golden chance. I went alone to the pond and jumped into the water. Deep water took me into its lap. After this what happened I do no know. When I opened my eyes a doctor was bending over me. Mother and sisters were weeping. I had to remain for one month in the hospital. Now when I recall that horrible accident my heart begins to sink with fear. Then I decided not to do anything without the permission of parents. There is one more thing which I cannot help mentioning More over I can never forget the day when I was beaten by the gardener for stealing mangoes. My friend Maria and I went to the garden to eat mangoes. Maria was very active and clever. She remained out of the garden and asked me to climb up the mango tree. Consequently I was caught by the gardener and he bead me with his sharp stick. Maria ran away The gardener took me before my father and told the whole story. Father prohibited me from going to the garden. I was much ashamed but soon all it was over. If you have female companion you are fond of dolls as well. The same case was with me. I was very fond of dolls in my childhood. Maria and I played with the dolls for hours, marrying and decorating them. Mother did not like her daughter wasting time in playing. As a result she took me to the school. I was much frightened and puzzled among the strange girls. I began to weep bitterly. While I was weeping I felt a soft hand on my back it was my teacher. She consoled me and gave me a beautiful book of colorful pictures. I was taught by her to smile in the storm of tears and sufferings. Now she is far away from me but her memory is fresh in my mind and I will never forget her as well. Children usually keep on gamboling and playing . Sometimes they keep on running in childhood I was like a playful deer wandering through the meadows. Maria and wandered the whole day long in the green fields of our villages picking wild flowers and making garlands. How beautiful moonlit nights were in childhood! When the shining moon appeared we all played in the open fields catching one another. Now childhood is no more but it appears a beautiful dream.

Jorge Borges Life Seen In The Secret Miracle Essay -- Jorge Luis Borg

In 1944, Jorge Luis Borges published â€Å"The Secret Miracle†, a short story describing Jaromir Hladik, a Jew living in the Second World War. Jaromir Hladik is taken away by the Germans to a jail by the Germans to be executed shortly after. While in jail, he ponders on all the ways he could be killed and later realizes that he still has yet to finish his play â€Å"The Enemies†. He prays to God, begging for a year to be granted to him so that he can complete his last masterpiece. In a dream, he is granted that year. When the Germans pull the trigger, the world freezes for a full year so he can finish his play. At a first glance, â€Å"The Secret Miracle† appears to be merely a fictioness story. However, Borges included so much of his own life in the character of Jaromir Hladik that the story no longer seems to be so made up. â€Å"Borges writing was impelled and shaped by experience† (Williamson 296). Borges grew up loving books from the very start of hi s life. His father was always a reader, so he had a room set up like a library that housed hundreds of books. Borges also grew up in a family with colorful war history, which allowed him to be introduced to interesting stories early on. At the age of 56, he was completely blind, causing him to see literature in a different way. He no longer thought literature was a reality. For instance, he believed that although an apple is called an â€Å"apple†, it may not actually have that name. Yet he continues to write in this unreality for he feels that it is a writer’s duty to speak out against Juan Peron through literature. In spite of Borges’ belief that literature is not reality, there is evidence of Borges’ life embedded in it which clearly shape the issues and concerns of his work. Borges was always one ... ...ss, which is difficult and requires strategy to succeed. This would fit in with Borges struggle to succeed in his work. In addition, Borges states that, â€Å"No one could any longer describe the forgotten prize, but it was rumored that it was enormous and perhaps infinite† (Borges 166). This could be referring to the prize of life. Many speak of life as being grand, yet no one actually knows whether life on Earth is a prize or not. It goes on to say that Hladik does â€Å"not remember the chessmen or the rules of chess† (Borges 166). In other words, Borges no longer remembers how to live his own life. Borges was first introduced to the game of chess by his father who â€Å"presented him with mathematical theories and philosophical puzzles† (Sickels 4) while teaching him how to become a better chess player. Perhaps this was Borges’ first encounter with the philosophy of life. Jorge Borges' Life Seen In The Secret Miracle Essay -- Jorge Luis Borg In 1944, Jorge Luis Borges published â€Å"The Secret Miracle†, a short story describing Jaromir Hladik, a Jew living in the Second World War. Jaromir Hladik is taken away by the Germans to a jail by the Germans to be executed shortly after. While in jail, he ponders on all the ways he could be killed and later realizes that he still has yet to finish his play â€Å"The Enemies†. He prays to God, begging for a year to be granted to him so that he can complete his last masterpiece. In a dream, he is granted that year. When the Germans pull the trigger, the world freezes for a full year so he can finish his play. At a first glance, â€Å"The Secret Miracle† appears to be merely a fictioness story. However, Borges included so much of his own life in the character of Jaromir Hladik that the story no longer seems to be so made up. â€Å"Borges writing was impelled and shaped by experience† (Williamson 296). Borges grew up loving books from the very start of hi s life. His father was always a reader, so he had a room set up like a library that housed hundreds of books. Borges also grew up in a family with colorful war history, which allowed him to be introduced to interesting stories early on. At the age of 56, he was completely blind, causing him to see literature in a different way. He no longer thought literature was a reality. For instance, he believed that although an apple is called an â€Å"apple†, it may not actually have that name. Yet he continues to write in this unreality for he feels that it is a writer’s duty to speak out against Juan Peron through literature. In spite of Borges’ belief that literature is not reality, there is evidence of Borges’ life embedded in it which clearly shape the issues and concerns of his work. Borges was always one ... ...ss, which is difficult and requires strategy to succeed. This would fit in with Borges struggle to succeed in his work. In addition, Borges states that, â€Å"No one could any longer describe the forgotten prize, but it was rumored that it was enormous and perhaps infinite† (Borges 166). This could be referring to the prize of life. Many speak of life as being grand, yet no one actually knows whether life on Earth is a prize or not. It goes on to say that Hladik does â€Å"not remember the chessmen or the rules of chess† (Borges 166). In other words, Borges no longer remembers how to live his own life. Borges was first introduced to the game of chess by his father who â€Å"presented him with mathematical theories and philosophical puzzles† (Sickels 4) while teaching him how to become a better chess player. Perhaps this was Borges’ first encounter with the philosophy of life.

Improve own performance in a business environment Essay

1.1 Explain the purpose and benefits of continuously improving performance at work Everyone should strive to improve their performance. Organisations also strive to improve the performance of the whole of their workforce. As an individual, the purpose of continuously improving our performance at work is to make ourselves a more valuable employee who is more efficient and reliable. As a consequence of our improved performance, the organisation will also be more efficient and effective. We can achieve improvements in our performance by considering everything which we do to be a process of continuous development. Every time we carry out a new task we will be learning new skills and developing our flexible approach to work. As we work we will also be updating our existing skills, allowing us to progress and become more confident. Having and experienced member of staff review our work can be very useful as they will be able to tell us about any mistakes we are making and point us in the right direction in terms of making our job easier and more efficient. These reviews can look at our general work during an appraisal or ongoing work as and when the opportunity arises. Self-assessment does not mean that we have to be critical of ourselves. Neither does it mean that we should praise ourselves as to the efficiency or quality of our work. It means trying to step away from ourselves and look at what we are doing. Even if we only take time at the end of the working week to reflect on how our week has gone, this is a step in the right direction to making a self-assessment of how we have worked. 1.2 Explain the purpose and benefits of encouraging and accepting feedback from others Feedback is responses which we receive from other people in reaction to our work or our performance. Much feedback is informal. – It may simply be a thank you for the work which we have done. We should be prepared, however, to receive both positive and negative feedback, as  sometimes the work which we have done will not be of sufficient quality, or the person will not think that we can be relied on in the future. The key purpose of encouraging and accepting feedback from others is to provide us with opportunities to improve areas of our work. By encouraging feedback, more experienced employees can help us come up with solutions to many of the common supported by suggestions on how to improve. Many businesses have formal feedback, usually in the form of an appraisal system. Appraisals are reviews of progress and look at our abilities. Appraisals are opportunities for us and our supervisors to set targets and plans to improve our performance. These appraisals will allow us to talk about our job, what we plan to do in the future and whether we would benefit from additional training. Appraisals are confidential and aim to be positive. We should use these formal feedback sessions as they may be one of the few chances we have to talk about our work, uninterrupted, with our immediate superior. 1.3 Explain how learning and development can improve own work, benefit organisations, and identify career options Training is normally a part of the appraisal system, but there may be regular training opportunities which are advertised within the business. If we feel that these training programmes would be of value to us, our team and the business, there is no reason why we should not enquire as to whether we could get involved. The benefits of learning and development are not only for the individual but also for the organisation itself. One good example is that training and development, whether it is formal education or learning on the job, means individuals are ready to take over key job roles. Many businesses and organisation lose staff on a regular basis; they either move on to another business or organisation or they may retire. Each time a member of staff who has worked for the organisation for some time leaves,  key expertise is also lost. Encouraging learning and development for all staff enables a business to identify successors for key posts. It helps them to plan their career paths and make sure that the business continues to run in an efficient way, even if an expert member of staff has left. There are plenty of ways in which learning and development can go on as a regular part of the working week. In some cases businesses or organisation will encourage staff to attend external training courses, giving us time off in order to do this. They will also encourage staff to continue the education, perhaps in the evening. However, many businesses and organisations have developed comprehensive training programmes that are carried out in-house. It is not always possible to identify a clear set of career options when we first join a new business or organisation. Career options will depend on not only our abilities and willingness to learn and develop but also the way in which the organisation works. Some organisations retain their staff for a very long period of time, which restricts career options for those who have not been there as long. Other businesses and organisations are not growing fast enough, so opportunities are limited. This may mean that some employees will have to look for career options elsewhere, or perhaps switch the type of work that type are doing for something that offers a better opportunity. The main point of learning and developing is not only that the individual can improve their standards of work but also that the organisation benefits because it becomes more efficient and effective. 1.4 Describe possible career progression routes & 1.5 Describe possible development opportunities Administration itself has a clear career path, even though this may mean having to change employers in order to reach the next stage. The broad career progression is: -trainee administrative assistant or administrative assistant- providing basic administrative support, working under supervision and probably as a member of a team -trainee administrative officer or administrative officer- someone who provides administrative support and  generates and implements procedures -administrative team supervisor or office supervisor- someone who allocates tasks to team members and generally organises and monitors day-to-day administrative support -personal assistant- an individual who provides day-to-day administrative support for senior individuals in the business or organisation -administrative section manager- someone who develops and implements procedures to meet the business’s or organisation’s needs. They plan, control and evaluate day-to-day administrative support Company secretary or senior administrative manager- someone who ensure that the organisation or business complies with legal requirements. We can review our own performance or ask others to review our performance and appraise the way in which we can currently carry out work. We can also set ourselves targets so that we can gradually improve our overall skills: -professional -information handling -interpersonal -self-application Career development is all about recognising and seizing on opportunities that could increase our employability, general level of education, experience and skills. Opportunities arise at different times, both before we enter work and while we are in work. We should be looking for opportunities that will give us a chance to gain training, experience or qualifications whenever we can. Typical types of career development include: -induction-this is the initial period, just after we have started working for a business. The induction programme will tell us about the business, its procedures, policies and rules. It will explain to us how we are suppose to work and what the business expects of us. -training needs-a good employer will carry out what is known as training needs analysis, both on its new employees and on a yearly basis with its existing employees. The business will use our job specification, person specification and current abilities  to help identify gaps between what we can do and what we are expected to do. The process should reveal any training that we require in order to get us up to scratch or to improve the way in which we carry out our job. -development plans-in many ways these are similar to training needs analysis, but they usually take a slightly less formal approach. The idea is to identify our longer-term career plans and to match any training or qualifications that may be of assistanc e to us. These are normally carried out on an annual basis and have agreed targets. -performance targets- these are minimum levels of work or output that we will be required to complete by our employer. Performance targets are difficult to set for some individual workers, so a departmental or section target may be set. These will require us to complete work by specified deadlines and very much depend on the type of work involved. -certificated training- this is training that we may be offered, which leads to recognised qualifications, such as an NVQ. These types of training are extremely useful for personal development as they allow us to demonstrate our ability to work at a particular level -uncertified training-these are normally in-house training programmes, designs specifically for the business, perhaps to update on policies and procedures. They are usually relevant only to the business in which we are working and may have no practical value if we switch jobs and move to another organisat ion. -personal development-there are a number of ways in which we can proceed with our personal development. Some may be formal and include, as we have seen, training need analysis, various types of training and development plans. Personal development is our own ideal improvement plan, which would have to be agreed with our employer -flexible working-this can simply be working add hours, but more specifically it is our willingness to work in different areas of the business. This leads to what is known as multi-skilling, which is a measure of our ability to adapt to different types of work and our willingness to learn new skills so that we be of greater use and value to our employer. We should seize chances to work in different areas of the business so we can get a better picture of what the business is all about and how particular tasks, carried out by different parts of the business, fit together -progression opportunities-these are the opportunities that will present themselves for us to be promoted and to gain a higher paid and more valued post at work. By gradually taking on training  and opportunities to work in different areas of the business we will have developed ourselves to such an extent that our employer recognises we should be rewarded for our efforts. As our skills and experience improve, progression opportunities will present themselves. With each step we will gain access to higher-level work and begin the process of improvement once again so that we can seize the next opportunity for progression. [681.2] Be able to improve own work performance using feedback 2.1 Encourage and accept feedback from other people  Feedback is responses which we receive from other people in reaction to our work or our performance. Much feedback is informal. – It may simply be a thank you for the work which we have done. We should be prepared, however, to receive both positive and negative feedback, as sometimes the work which we have done will not be of sufficient quality, or the person will not think that we can be relied on in the future. The key purpose of encouraging and accepting feedback from others is to provide us with opportunities to improve areas of our work. By encouraging feedback, more experienced employees can help us come up with solutions to many of the common supported by suggestions on how to improve. 2.2 Use feedback to agree way ti improve own performance in the workplace Many businesses have formal feedback, usually in the form of an appraisal system. Appraisals are reviews of progress and look at our abilities. Appraisals are opportunities for us and our supervisors to set targets and plans to improve our performance. These appraisals will allow us to talk about our job, what we plan to do in the future and whether we would benefit from additional training. Appraisals are confidential and aim to be positive. We should use these formal feedback sessions as they may be one of the few chances we have to talk about our work, uninterrupted, with our immediate superior. 2.3 Complete work tasks, using feedback give, to improve performance One of the difficulties in receiving feedback is ensuring that a suitable individual witnesses us carrying out the work. One of the ways of getting  around this problem is to identify opportunities in the near future when we will be undertaking different work tasks and it is convenient for our selected individuals to observe us doing this. We should try to organise this before we carry out the first two parts of the learning outcome. [681.3]Be able to agree own development needs using a learning plan 3.1 Investigate and agree where a further learning and development may improve own work performance Most businesses and organisations have a human resources department. Within there will be individuals who are aware of formal and informal learning and development opportunities. There is a wide range of ways in which we could make use of their expertise and take their advice. We need to remember that not all learning and development needs to lead to a certificate. In fact, some of the best learning and development goes on in a very informal way within the workplace environment. We can easily learn and develop by simply watching or shadowing an experienced member of staff. We can use learn their techniques and their ways of dealing with situations. We can use their years of experience in having carried out a similar role to our own- they will know all the best ways to make sure that the task is carried out to a high standard and within deadlines. Many businesses and organisations will also use their human resources department to design specific training programmes. A key part of the human resources department’s job is to look at training needs. They will examine appraisals or performance reviews in order to identify areas where additional training is needed. They can then organise specific training to cover those areas or gaps in what we are expected to do compared with what we can do at present. 3.2 Confirm learning plan changes A learning plan is a simple document where we can set personal targets and record our achievements. Our plan needs to: -cover what we have already done or achieved-this records all important learning that we have already carried out -identify what we would like to learn, or achieve, in the future-this means identifying our goals -identify our targets-what we will have to do on the way to getting where we want to be -identify who can help-what support  and guidance do we need? -have a clear action plan-what do we need to learn? What is the purpose of learning it? How will we know when we have done it? The key part is also to keep our plan updated. We need to go through our plan on a regular basis and see whether we can add anything. 3.3 Follow a learning plan The first stages of following a learning plan should be relatively straightforward. However, we can use our learning plan in a number of ways from the outset: -we can use it to identify work that we can carry out which can then be observed to provide evidence -we can identify areas that we are going to struggle to find evidence for and work towards creating that evidence or the opportunity to produce that evidence -we should also use the learning plan as our next logical step -we need to make sure that as we complete each learning outcome, assessment criterion, unit, we update our learning plan and check it to see whether there is evidence already generated that can be used elsewhere. 3.4 Review progress against learning plan and agree further learning updates, if required. A learning plan is a live document. It is specific to us and it should incorporate our long-term goals. The learning plan is a written version of our career aspirations. It shows where we want to be in the future, where we are now and the steps that we have to take in order to get to our destination. We should review our progress on a regular basis. Some people in full- or part-time employment will discover that a learning plan is in fact part of a learning agreement with their employer because it: -identifies the learning outcomes or objectives that we wish to achieve -identifies the strategies to meet the objectives or outcomes -identifies the evidence we will need to produce to show that we have achieved. By reviewing our learning plan we will be able to make the best use of the learning we of. It will focus our learning where it is most needed. It will help us identify the opportunities for learning and it will also prepare us for appraisals and performance reviews.

Cry the Beloved Country - the Tribe Essay example - 711 Words

One of the main themes that emerges from reading Alan Patons, Cry, the Beloved Country, is the importance of tribal life to South Africa because of the identity it gave its people. Through the communal life of the tribe, the structure of stability and morality of the tribe, South Africas people had a sense of accountability for their own doings, a responsibility towards other and pride in the unity of their people. Tribal life began to break up, however, with the coming of the mines as the youth set off towards Johannesburg and became lost in the crowds and the city. These youths lost their sense of tribal pride, their responsibility towards others and a feeling of accountability for their actions. As a result, many turned to a life†¦show more content†¦When confronted by Stephen and asked if she wishes to return to the tribe, she begins to cry. She admits that she does not like Johannesburg, but cannot go back to the village. She is too ashamed of her actions. She sa ys, I am a bad woman, my brother. I am no woman to go back. (Paton 31) While Gertrude has been in Johannesburg, she has lost her self esteem. She no longer feels a moral obligation to herself or anyone else to find a legitimate way to support herself and child. It is only when presented with the option of returning to the tribe, however, that she regains the ability to feel shame and self-awareness. The tribe would never accept this kind of behavior, and if she were to return, she would have to face the consequences of her actions. On the opposite end of the spectrum is John Kumalo, Stephens brother. John Kumalos descent into immorality coincides with his ascent in the political world. As he has increased in wealth and power, John has abandoned the tribe and the church. He characteristically justifies his position by condemning the faith of others. He voices his scorn to Stephen, calling the chief of the tribe an old and ignorant man who is nothing but a white mans dog, (35) and claiming that the church has not bettered the lives of the people of South Africa in any way. John praises the freedom of Johannesburg where he has attained importance and wealth. Yet John does not bring to his wealth and power the tribal senses ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton736 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is such a controversial novel that people tend to forget the true meaning and message being presented. Paton’s aim in writing the novel was to present and create aware ness of the ongoing conflict within South Africa through his unbiased and objective view. The importance of the story lies within the title, which sheds light on South Africa’s slowly crumbling society and land, for it is the citizens and the land itself which are â€Å"crying† for their beloved country as it collapsesRead MoreUse of Title in Cry the Beloved Country by Alan Paton Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesUse of Title in Cry the Beloved Country by Alan Paton Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, takes place in1946 near the small rural town of Ixopo in the smaller village of Ndotsheni. The main character is Stephen Kumalo, a native priest who sets out on a mission to find his family. He receives a letter from a fellow priest, Msimangu, telling him his younger sister is ill. Kumalo decides he must go to Johannesburg to help his sister. He also hopes to find his only son and see if his brotherRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country1710 Words   |  7 Pages Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country takes place during the late 1940’s in Southern Africa. Specifically, in High Place, Ndotsheni, and Johannesburg. It takes place during a time of social change. There is racial inequality taking place during the late 1940’s. The novel shows what it was like to be living during this time. Cry, the Beloved Country has an urban and crowded feeling for most of the novel. This novel is written in past-tense, third-person omniscient p oint of view. Occasionally, theRead MoreThe Beloved Country By Alan Paton931 Words   |  4 PagesFamily in Cry, the Beloved Country One cannot run from hardships, for they occur every day, appear suddenly, and can quickly consume hope. Instead one must face these difficulties and overcome them. However, to rise above obstacles alone would only cause further misery and despair. The struggler’s family should rally behind him to comfort and assist him in his time of need. In Cry, the Beloved Country, a 1948 contemporary novel, Alan Paton uses parallelism to emphasize the importance of familyRead More The True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Meaning of Cry, the Beloved Country      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many debates have been sparked by Alan Patons Cry, the Beloved Country.   Even the essence of the books title examines South Africa and declares the presence of the inner conflict of its citizens. The importance and meaning of the title of Cry, the Beloved Country is visible in Patons efforts to link the reader to forthcoming ideas in the novel, Patons description of South Africas problems, and Patons prayer for the solution of SouthRead More Cry the Beloved Country Movie versus Film Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, the Beloved Country is a moving story of the Zulu pastor Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom. They live in an Africa torn apart by racial tensions and hate. It is based on a work of love and hope, courage, and endurance, and deals with the dignity of man. The author lived and died (1992) in South Africa and was one of the greatest writers of that country. His other works include Too Late the Phalarope, Ah, but Your Land Is Beautiful, and Ta les from a Troubled Land. The book was madeRead MoreEssay on Cry the Beloved Country595 Words   |  3 PagesCry the Beloved Country â€Å"Cry for the broken tribe, for the law and the custom is gone. Cry, the beloved country, these things are not yet at an end (Paton, 105).† In Cry, the Beloved Country, it is 1946 and the land reserved for blacks in Ndotsheni, a part of South Africa, is drying up. In the novel written by Alan Paton, young men and women begin to leave Ndotsheni for the new city Johannesburg. One of those gone is John Kumalo, a businessman in Johannesburg and younger brother of StephenRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton696 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country is a novel with remarkable lyricism written by Alan Paton. Born as a white South African, Alan Paton grew up during a time period marked by racial inequality and later became an activist against apartheid. He was a devout Christian so many of his writings reflect Christian faith. As an activist, he wrote many books about South Africa and racial injustice. While traveling around Europe, he began writing Cry, th e Beloved Country, which was published in 1948. That same yearRead MoreEssay on Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton661 Words   |  3 PagesCry, the Beloved Country In a country torn by segregation and hatred, one man seeks to rebuild his family and his tribe. Cry, the beloved country is a tale of forgiveness, generosity, and endurance. In the story, the main protagonist is helped by a number of characters. A South African man Stephen Kumalo loses his young son, but is still determined to improve the life of his people. In this black mans country, white mans law had broken the tribe, divided the people and corrupted the youthRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesthis problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific personalities to his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the Beloved Country. In Paton’s book